MicroRNAs as Indicators of Alterations in Reaction to Endurance Training

Abstract

Without a doubt, endurance sports are beneficial for heart health and general fitness; regular physical exercise is thought to be one of the best ways to avoid cardiovascular disease. Gene expression is regulated by tiny molecules known as microRNAs, which are generated subsequent to transcription. Translational repression, mRNA deadenylation, and decapping are all caused by miRNAs when they attach to a certain region at the 3′ UTR of their target mRNAs (40, 41). Along with promoter regions, additional mRNA regions such as the 5′ UTR and coding sequence have also been shown to include miRNA binding sites. While it has been shown that miRNA contact with a promoter region may drive transcription, miRNA binding to the 5′ UTR and coding sections silences the expression of genes. According to preliminary research, miRNAs may serve as helpful indicators of the systemic changes brought on by exercise before they are identified using traditional imaging or laboratory methods. This study focused on four important physiological processes that help the body adapt to various endurance workouts. We found that miR-27, miR-221, miR-210, miR-328, miR-133a, miR-134a, and miR-20a are essential for adaptive response to exercise after conducting a thorough literature search.