Mastalgia in Fibrocystic Changes; From the Diagnosis Bench to Innovative Therapy: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Fibrocystic breast change (FBC) is a prevalent benign breast condition that affects women of reproductive age. Hormonal fluctuation during the menstrual cycle is the suggested pathology. Affected women suffer cyclical breast pain (mastalgia), change of breast texture, and nipple discharge.

Multiple diagnostic and therapeutic approaches were used to address mastalgia in FCB; the last decade witnessed considerable advancement in therapeutic modalities, showing variable degrees of efficacy in alleviating mastalgia.

This review aims to examine recent data linked to FCB diagnosis, in addition to discussing and comparing the latest therapeutic options in FCB cases.

An online search was conducted via four major electronic databases using keywords related to FCB, pathology, imaging, and therapy. Data of interest were extracted and analyzed. Our findings indicate that mammography takes the lead in diagnosis, and ultrasound is complementary. Innovative bioinformatics holds promise in improving diagnostic precision and improving outcomes. Lifestyle changes remain the first therapeutic option, which was combined with drug therapy tailored according to the etiology and nature of pain with a varying degree of efficacy. Innovative therapeutic strategies were discussed, showing good efficacy, a low rate of side effects, and high patient acceptability. Empowering physicians with recent knowledge will refine diagnostic challenges, guide therapy choices, enhance patient outcomes, and allow holistically centered health care.

Future research is needed to explore optimal diagnostic follow-up approaches, added to best treatment combinations and newer therapies with better safety profiles and more patient satisfaction.